PNEUMATIKOS: Jurnal Teologi Kependetaan

Komitmen, Iman, dan Kasih Setia di Tengah Kepahitan Analisis Deklarasi Kitab Rut 1:16-17

Benaya Dwi Cahyono — Fri, 31 Jul 2026 05:10:58 +0000

This study analyzes Ruth 1:16–17 using a biblical exegetical approach combined with theological analysis to uncover the meaning of Ruth’s declaration within the context of devastation and alienation. The findings reveal that Ruth’s statement is not merely an emotional expression, but an act of faith that reflects the integration of total commitment, the reception of divine grace, and the practice of covenantal love (hesed). Within the context of suffering, this declaration becomes the starting point of divine providence working quietly yet progressively. The study affirms that hesed is not only an attribute of God but also a relational paradigm embodied in human life. Furthermore, the narrative highlights theological inclusivity, where faith transcends ethnic and social boundaries. Thus, Ruth’s declaration serves as a transformative model of spirituality relevant to contemporary faith.

Fenomena Kerasukan Setan Pada Orang Kristen

Yefta Yan Mangoli, Hilderia Damanik — Fri, 31 Jul 2026 05:11:59 +0000

The phenomenon of demon possession among Christians remains a subject of debate in contemporary Christian theology because it is closely related to the doctrines of salvation, the work of the Holy Spirit, and spiritual warfare. Different interpretations of biblical texts have given rise to theological positions that either reject or accept the possibility of demonization in the lives of believers. This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of demon possession among Christians from a theological perspective and to formulate pastoral implications for the contemporary church. The research employs a qualitative method with a library research approach through a descriptive-critical analysis of relevant biblical texts and theological literature. The findings indicate that the Bible affirms the reality of demon possession but provides no explicit evidence that genuine believers can experience complete control by evil spirits. Nevertheless, Christians may still face spiritual oppression and attacks. Furthermore, phenomena often identified as demon possession may also be influenced by psychological and social factors. Therefore, churches need to develop an integrative, biblical, and responsible pastoral approach in addressing such cases.

Model kepemimpinan Musa dan relevansinya bagi kepemimpinan Kristen masa kini

Rapi Gultom — Fri, 31 Jul 2026 05:12:46 +0000

In the context of a church facing the challenges of social change, a crisis of integrity, digital dynamics, and the need for profound spiritual development, the figure of Moses offers leadership principles that remain significant and applicable. This study aims to analyze Moses' leadership model in the Old Testament and evaluate its relevance for contemporary Christian leadership. This study employed a library research method with a theological-biblical approach and conceptual analysis through adaptive leadership theory to assess Moses' leadership pattern and its implications for the modern church. The results indicate that Moses' leadership reflects five main aspects: God-centered leadership, character-based leadership, adaptive leadership, relational leadership, and transformative leadership. These five aspects have proven relevant to addressing various challenges of contemporary Christian leadership, including the moral crisis, the need for spiritual identity formation, the demands of multigenerational communication, and navigating issues in the digital age. This analysis confirms that Moses' leadership model is not merely historical but also serves as an applicable framework that can enrich and strengthen Christian leadership practice amidst changing times.

Ketika Tuhan mempercayakan anak berkebutuhan khusus: Dinamika psikologis dan spiritualitas orangtua

Aprianus Simanungkalit — Fri, 31 Jul 2026 05:13:34 +0000

The birth of a child with special needs confronts parents with distinct psychological and spiritual dynamics, from initial shock, denial, and guilt toward an acceptance achieved through prolonged adaptation. Prior studies have generally examined the psychological and spiritual dimensions separately, leaving their interaction, particularly from a Christian spirituality perspective, underexplored. This study analyzes the psychological dynamics parents experience in raising a child with special needs, the role of spirituality in caregiving adaptation, and their interaction in shaping parental resilience. The study used a descriptive qualitative method with a theological-biblical approach, combining analysis of Scripture and family-psychology literature with in-depth interviews involving four parent and educator informants. Findings showed that early responses of shock, denial, and guilt gradually gave way to acceptance as parents internalized Christian spirituality as religious coping, reframing the child's presence as a gift and evidence of God's providence. This interaction between psychological well-being and spiritual maturity shapes parental resilience, underscoring the need for pastoral sensitivity and inclusive church ministry for such families. These findings provide a basis for developing parenting-support programs, Christian counseling, and pastoral care more responsive to their psychological and spiritual needs.

Merespon Retorika Populisme: Analisis Naratif Pemberontakan Bilangan 16 dalam Perspektif Manajemen Konflik

Pieter Anggiat Napitupulu — Fri, 31 Jul 2026 05:14:21 +0000

This article analyzes Moses' leadership response to populist rhetoric in Numbers 16 and its relevance to conflict management in contemporary church leadership. Employing a qualitative method with a narrative analysis approach to Numbers 16, the study finds that Korah's rebellion was not merely a struggle for authority but also a rhetorical contest that employed narratives of equality and accusations of abuse of power to shape the community's perceptions. In response, Moses demonstrated a leadership pattern characterized by self-regulation and the use of fair procedures, the willingness to clarify accusations against his integrity, and prioritizing the well-being of the community amid a crisis of trust. These findings suggest that leadership legitimacy is grounded not in domination or popularity, but in faithful responsibility for the welfare of the community.

Analisis naratif tindakan Yesus mengusir roh jahat di Gerasa dalam perspektif etika Utilitarianisme

Romasi Maska Hutagalung — Fri, 31 Jul 2026 05:15:07 +0000

The account of Jesus casting out Legion in Mark 5:1–20 is generally understood as a narrative of deliverance. However, Jesus' action, which resulted in the death of a herd of pigs, also raises ethical questions concerning its consequences for the various parties involved. This study aims to analyze the narrative through a dialogue between narrative criticism and utilitarian ethics. Employing a qualitative method with an interdisciplinary approach, the study uses narrative criticism to examine the narrative structure, characterization, conflict, and consequences of Jesus' action, while the principles of utility developed by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill are employed to evaluate those consequences from a utilitarian perspective. The findings reveal that Jesus' action generated significant utility for the individual who was restored, while simultaneously causing economic loss and rejection from the community. These findings suggest that utilitarianism helps explain the moral tension embedded in the narrative but is insufficient to fully account for the theological significance of Jesus' action, which centers on liberation, restoration, and the manifestation of the authority of the Kingdom of God.

Pengharapan Kosmis Dan Pneumatology dalam Penderitaan: Analisis Eskatologi “Sudah dan Belum” Roma 8:18-30

Wenny Kartika Susanto — Fri, 31 Jul 2026 05:16:25 +0000

Faith in Jesus Christ constitutes the foundation of justification and salvation in Christianity. Nevertheless, believers continue to live within the reality of a world that remains under the influence of sin. This article aims to examine cosmic hope and the role of the Holy Spirit in suffering through the framework of the "already and not yet" eschatology in Romans 8:18–30. The study employs a qualitative method with a biblical exegetical approach, utilizing grammatical and theological analyses of the key terms within the passage. The findings indicate that Paul understands Christ's redemptive work as having secured victory over sin and inaugurated the reality of salvation, while its ultimate fulfillment still awaits the restoration of all creation at the end of the age. During this period of anticipation, suffering is understood as an integral part of the process leading to the future revelation of glory. The Holy Spirit functions as the mediator, helper, and guarantee of the eschatological inheritance, sustaining the faith of believers and directing them toward enduring hope. Therefore, the concept of the "already and not yet" eschatology demonstrates that Paul's understanding of cosmic hope and pneumatology provides a theological foundation for perseverance, hope, and Christian living amid suffering.

Efektivitas Komunikasi Organisasi dalam Kepemimpinan Menurut Keluaran 18:17–27 dan Implikasinya bagi Pelayanan Jemaat GPdI Betania Sidoarjo

Jefri Wungow, Danny Jekson Kalangie — Fri, 31 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study is motivated by the occurrence of miscommunication, limited understanding of organizational communication, and suboptimal delegation in congregational ministry at GPdI Betania Sidoarjo. The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of organizational communication in leadership based on Exodus 18:17–27 and its implications for congregational ministry. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with primary data obtained from interviews with church administrators, and ministry workers, and secondary data derived from the Bible and academic literature. The results show that ineffective communication and leadership lead to unintegrated ministry practices. In conclusion, the effectiveness of ministry is largely determined by the implementation of clear organizational communication and delegation-based leadership in accordance with biblical principles.

Gereja Orang Miskin: Studi Teologi Sistematika terhadap Dalil ke-43 Martin Luther dan Relevansinya bagi Teologi Sosial HKBP dalam Konteks Kemiskinan Kontemporer

Ericxon Ebenezer Nainggolan, Pintor Marihot Sitanggang — Fri, 31 Jul 2026 05:19:20 +0000

The Church continues to face significant challenges in responding to poverty, social inequality, and the marginalization of vulnerable communities. This article examines the theological meaning of poverty from a Christian systematic theology perspective by analyzing Martin Luther’s Forty-Third Thesis and contextualizing its relevance within the theological documents of the Huria Kristen Batak Protestan (HKBP). Employing a qualitative theological approach through literature analysis, this study explores biblical perspectives on poverty, Luther’s theological critique of Christian attitudes toward wealth and poverty, and HKBP’s understanding of the Church’s social responsibility. The findings indicate that Luther’s Forty-Third Thesis emphasizes that Christian faith requires active solidarity, compassion, and responsibility toward the poor rather than merely offering religious sympathy. Furthermore, the study reveals that HKBP’s theological documents reflect a contextual understanding of the Church as an institution called to participate in social transformation through advocacy, empowerment, and service to marginalized groups. This article contributes to theological studies by integrating Luther’s Reformation theology with the contextual social theology of HKBP, demonstrating that the concept of the “Church of the Poor” is not only a theological ideal but also a practical ecclesiological commitment in addressing contemporary poverty.